Seminars in Roentgenology
Volume 43, Issue 2 , Pages 100-112 , April 2008

Normal and Anomalous Anatomy of the Coronary Arteries

  • Smita Patel, MBBS, MRCP, FRCR

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Smita Patel, MBBS, MRCP, FRCR, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Cardiovascular Center-Room 5338, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5868.

References 

  1. Kini S, Bis KG, Weaver L. Normal and variant coronary arterial and venous anatomy on high-resolution CT angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188:1665–1674
  2. Miller S. Normal angiographic anatomy and measurements. In: Cardiac Angiography. Boston, MA: The Little, Brown Library of Radiology; 1984;p. 51–71
  3. Sevrukov A, Jelnin V, Kondos GT. Electron beam CT of the coronary arteries: cross-sectional anatomy for calcium scoring. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177:1437–1445
  4. Schweiger M. Coronary arteriography. Cardiac catherterization: concepts, techniques and applications. In: Malden, MA: Blackwell, Science; 1997;p. 196–260
  5. Austen WG, Edwards JE, Frye RL, et al. A reporting system on patients evaluated for coronary artery disease (Report of the Ad Hoc Committee for Grading of Coronary Artery Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery, American Heart Association). Circulation. 1975;51:5–40
  6. Scanlon PJ, Faxon DP, Audet AM, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary angiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on Coronary Angiography). Developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:1756–1824
  7. Angelini P. Coronary artery anomalies—current clinical issues: definitions, classification, incidence, clinical relevance, and treatment guidelines. Tex Heart Inst J. 2002;29:271–278
  8. Datta J, White CS, Gilkeson RC, et al. Anomalous coronary arteries in adults: depiction at multi-detector row CT angiography. Radiology. 2005;235:812–818
  9. Fedak PW, Verma S, David TE, et al. Clinical and pathophysiological implications of a bicuspid aortic valve. Circulation. 2002;106:900–904
  10. Shrivastava S, Mohan JC, Mukhopadhyay S, et al. Coronary artery anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1987;10:215–218
  11. Eckart RE, Scoville SL, Campbell CL, et al. Sudden death in young adults: a 25-year review of autopsies in military recruits. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:829–834
  12. Schmitt R, Froehner S, Brunn J, et al. Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries: imaging with contrast-enhanced, multidetector computed tomography. Eur Radiol. 2005;15:1110–1121
  13. Greenberg MA, Fish BG, Spindola-Franco H. Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries (Classification and significance). Radiol Clin North Am. 1989;27:1127–1146
  14. Kim SY, Seo JB, Do KH, et al. Coronary artery anomalies: classification and ECG-gated multi-detector row CT findings with angiographic correlation. Radiographics. 2006;26:317–333discussion 333-334
  15. Shi H, Aschoff AJ, Brambs HJ, et al. Multislice CT imaging of anomalous coronary arteries. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:2172–2181
  16. van Ooijen PM, Dorgelo J, Zijlstra F, et al. Detection, visualization and evaluation of anomalous coronary anatomy on 16-slice multidetector-row CT. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:2163–2171
  17. Thakur R, Dwivedi SK, Puri VK. Unusual “high take off” of the right coronary artery from the ascending aorta. Int J Cardiol. 1990;26:369–371
  18. Vlodaver Z, Neufeld HN, Edwards JE. Pathology of coronary disease. Semin Roentgenol. 1972;7:376–394
  19. Frescura C, Basso C, Thiene G, et al. Anomalous origin of coronary arteries and risk of sudden death: a study based on an autopsy population of congenital heart disease. Human Pathol. 1998;29:689–695
  20. Vazquez-Jimenez JF, Haager PK, Genius M, et al. Anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the right aortic sinus with intramyocardial tunneling through the septum with free portion in the right ventricular cavity. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;118:963–965
  21. Samarendra P, Kumari S, Hafeez M, et al. Anomalous circumflex coronary artery: benign or predisposed to selective atherosclerosis. Angiology. 2001;52:521–526
  22. Dabizzi RP, Teodori G, Barletta GA, et al. Associated coronary and cardiac anomalies in the tetralogy of Fallot (An angiographic study). Eur Heart J. 1990;11:692–704
  23. Hauser M. Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. Heart. 2005;91:1240–1245
  24. Spindola-Franco H, Grose R, Solomon N. Dual left anterior descending coronary artery: angiographic description of important variants and surgical implications. Am Heart J. 1983;105:445–455
  25. Angelini P. Coronary artery anomalies: an entity in search of an identity. Circulation. 2007;115:1296–1305
  26. Demopoulos VP, Olympios CD, Fakiolas CN, et al. The natural history of aneurysmal coronary artery disease. Heart. 1997;78:136–141
  27. Mohlenkamp S, Hort W, Ge J, et al. Update on myocardial bridging. Circulation. 2002;106:2616–2622
  28. Kantarci M, Duran C, Durur I, et al. Detection of myocardial bridging with ECG-gated MDCT and multiplanar reconstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186:S391–S394
  29. Said SA, el Gamal MI, van der Werf T. Coronary arteriovenous fistulas: collective review and management of six new cases—changing etiology, presentation, and treatment strategy. Clin Cardiol. 1997;20:748–752

 This work was funded in part by a RSNA Research Scholar Grant.

PII: S0037-198X(08)00006-0

doi: 10.1053/j.ro.2008.01.005

Seminars in Roentgenology
Volume 43, Issue 2 , Pages 100-112 , April 2008