Seminars in Roentgenology
Volume 42, Issue 1 , Pages 49-59 , January 2007

Radiology of Biological Weapons—Old and the New?

  • Loren Ketai, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Healthy Science Center, Albuquerque, NM.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Loren Ketai, MD, Department of Radiology, MSC10 5530, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001.
  • ,
  • C.C. Tchoyoson Lim, FRCR, MB, BS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neuroradiology National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore and Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

References 

  1. Relman DA. Bioterrorism—preparing to fight the next war. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(2):113–115
  2. Bronze MS, Huycke MM, Machado LJ, et al. Viral agents as biological weapons and agents of bioterrorism. Am J Med Sci. 2002;323(6):316–325
  3. Tumpey TM, Basler CF, Aguilar PV, et al. Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus. Science. 2005;310(5745):77–80
  4. Ketai L, Abdulrahman AA, Hart B, et al. Radiologic manifestations of potential bioterrorist agents of infection. Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:565–575
  5. Li K, Thomasson D, Ketai L, et al. Potential applications of conventional and molecular imaging to biodefense research. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:1471–1480
  6. Christopher GW, Cieslak TJ, Pavlin JA, et al. Biologic warfare (A historical perspective). JAMA. 1997;278(5):412–417
  7. Abramova FA, Grinberg LM, Yampolskaya OV, et al. Pathology of inhalational anthrax in 42 cases from Sverdlovsk outbreak of 1979. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90(6):2291–2294
  8. Daya M, Nakamura Y. Pulmonary disease from biological agents: anthrax, plague, Q fever, and tularemia. Crit Care Clin. 2005;21(4):747–763vii
  9. Inglesby TV, O’Toole T, Henderson DA, et al. Anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002 updated recommendations for management. JAMA. 2002;287(17):2236–2252
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for clinical evaluation of persons with possible anthrax. JAMA. 2001;286(19):2392–2396
  11. Kyriacou DN, Stein AC, Yamold PR, et al. Clinical predictors of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. Lancet. 2004;364(9432):449–452
  12. Mayer TA, Bersoff-Matcha S, Murphy C, et al. Clinical presentation of inhalational anthrax following bioterrorism exposure. JAMA. 2001;286(20):2549–2553
  13. Earls JP, Cerva D, Berman E, et al. Inhalational anthrax after bioterrorism exposure: spectrum of imaging findings in two surviving patients. Radiology. 2002;222(2):305–312
  14. Wood BJ, De Franco B, Ripple M, et al. Inhalational anthrax: radiologic and pathologic findings in two cases. Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181(4):1071–1078
  15. Krol CM, Uszynski M, Dillon EH, et al. Dynamic CT features of inhalational anthrax infection. Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178(5):1063–1066
  16. Enserink M, Stone R. Public health: dead virus walking. Science. 2002;295(5562):2001–2005
  17. McClain D. Smallpox. In:  Sidell FR,  Takafuji ET,  Franz DR editor. Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center; 1997;p. 539–560Textbook of Military Medicine series
  18. Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, et al. In: The Clinical Features of Smallpox (Smallpox and Its Eradication). Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988;p. 47–49
  19. Anderson MG, Frenkel LD, Homann S, et al. A case of severe monkeypox virus disease in an American child: emerging infections and changing professional values. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(12):1093–1096discussion 1096-1098
  20. Nalca A, Rimoin AW, Bavari S, et al. Reemergence of monkeypox: prevalence, diagnostics and countermeasures. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(12):1765–1771
  21. Di Giulio DB, Eckburg PB. Human monkeypox: an emerging zoonosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(1):15–25
  22. Inglesby TV, Dennis DT, Henderson DA, et al. Plague as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 2000;283(17):2281–2290
  23. Guarner J, Shieh WJ, Chu M, et al. Persistent Yersinia pestis antigens in ischemic tissues of a patient with septicemic plague. Hum Pathol. 2005;36(7):850–853
  24. Kool JL. Risk of person-to-person transmission of pneumonic plague. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(8):1166–1172
  25. Werner SB, Weidmer CE, Nelson BC, et al. Primary plague pneumonia contracted from a domestic cat at South Lake Tahoe, Calif. JAMA. 1984;251(7):929–931
  26. Doll JM, Zeitz PS, Ettsetad P, et al. Cat transmitted fatal pneumonic plague in a person who traveled from Colorado to Arizona. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994;51(1):109–114
  27. Alsofrom DJ, Mettler FA, Mann JM. Radiographic manifestations of plague in New Mexico 1975-1980. Radiology. 1981;139(3):561–565
  28. Karwa M, Bronzert P, Kvetan V. Bioterrosim and critical care. Crit Care Clin. 2003;19(2):279–313
  29. Evans ME, Friedlander AM. Tularemia. In:  Sidell FR,  Takafuji ET,  Franz DR editor. Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington, DC: Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center; 1997;p. 503–508Office of the Surgeon General (Textbook of Military Medicine series
  30. Feldman KA, Enscore RE, Lathrop SL, et al. An outbreak of primary penmonic tularemia on Marthas Vinyard. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(22):1601–1606
  31. Rubin SA. Radiographic spectrum of pleuropulmonary tularemia. Am J Roentgenol. 1978;131(2):277–281
  32. Tarnvik A, Berglund L. Tularaemia. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(2):361–373
  33. Deresiewicz RL, Thaler SJ, Hsu L, et al. Clinical and neuroradiographic manifestations of eastern equine encephalitis. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(26):1867–1874
  34. Hsu VP, Hossain MJ, Parashar UD, et al. Nipah virus encephalitis reemergence, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(12):2082–2087
  35. Rotz LD, Khan AS, Lillibridge SR, et al. Public health assessment of potential biological terrorism agents. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8(2):225–230
  36. Lim CC, Lee KE, Lee WL, et al. Nipah virus encephalitis: serial MR study of an emerging disease. Radiology. 2002;222(1):219–226
  37. Lim CC, Sitoh YY, Hui F, et al. Nipah viral encephalitis or Japanese encephalitis? (MR findings in a new zoonotic disease). AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(3):455–461
  38. Abe T, Kojima K, Shoji H, et al. Japanese encephalitis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998;8(4):755–761
  39. Sarji SA, Abdullah BJ, Goh KJ, et al. MR imaging features of Nipah encephalitis. Am J Roentgenol. 2000;175(2):437–442
  40. Peters CJ. Marburg and Ebola—arming ourselves against the deadly filoviruses. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(25):2571–2573
  41. Davis IC, Zajac AJ, Nolte KB, et al. Elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. J Virol. 2002;76(16):8347–8359
  42. Zeier M, Handermann M, Bahr U, et al. New ecological aspects of hantavirus infection: a change of a paradigm and a challenge of prevention—a review. Virus Genes. 2005;30(2):157–180
  43. Ketai LH, Williamson MR, Telepak RJ, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: radiologic findings in 16 patients. Radiology. 1994;191(3):665–668
  44. Boroja M, Barrie JR, Raymon GS. Radiographic findings in 20 patients with Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome correlated with clinical outcome. Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178(1):159–163

PII: S0037-198X(06)00055-1

doi: 10.1053/j.ro.2006.08.001

Seminars in Roentgenology
Volume 42, Issue 1 , Pages 49-59 , January 2007