Seminars in Roentgenology
Volume 40, Issue 1 , Pages 33-40 , January 2005

Imaging of deep venous thrombosis in suspected pulmonary embolism

  • Peter A. Loud, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Peter A. Loud, MD, Director of Body Imaging, Department of Radiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263.
    • ,
  • Douglas S. Katz, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Winthrop University, Hospital Mineola, NY.
    • ,
  • Lily Belfi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Winthrop University, Hospital Mineola, NY.
    • ,
  • Zachary D. Grossman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.

References 

  1. Havig O . Source of pulmonary emboli . Acta Chir Scand . 1977;478:42–47
  2. Moser KM . Venous thromboembolism . Am Rev Respir Dis . 1990;141:235–249
  3. Hull R , Delmore T , Genton E , et al.   Warfarin sodium versus low-dose heparin in the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis . N Engl J Med . 1979;301:855–858
  4. Moser KM , LeMoine JR . Is embolic risk conditioned by location of deep venous thrombosis? . Ann Int Med . 1981;94:439–444
  5. Chan CK , Matthay RA . Pulmonary thromboembolism . In:  Fauci AS ,  Braunwald E ,  Isselbacher KJ , et al. editor. Principles of Internal Medicine . (ed 5). St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1998;p. 499–504
  6. American College of Emergency Physicians . Clinical policy (critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting with suspected pulmonary embolism) . Ann Emerg Med . 2003;41:257–270
  7. American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Committee . The diagnostic approach to acute venous thromboembolism . Am J Crit Care Med . 1999;160:1043–1066
  8. Schoepf U , Costello P . CT angiography for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (state of the art) . Radiology . 2004;230:329–337
  9. Goodman LR , Lipchik RJ . Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (time for a new approach) . Radiology . 1996;199:25–27
  10. Wolfe TR , Hartsell SC . Pulmonary embolism (making sense of the diagnostic evaluation) . Ann Emerg Med . 2001;37:504–514
  11. Mussett D , Parent F , Meyer G , et al.   Diagnostic strategy for patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (a prospective multicentre out come study) . Lancet . 2002;360:1914–1920
  12. Perrier A , Desmarais S , Miron M , et al.   Non-invasive diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in outpatients . Lancet . 1999;353:190–195
  13. Hull RD , Raskob GE , Coates G , et al.   A new noninvasive management strategy for patients with suspected pulmonary . Arch Intern Med . 1989;149:2549–2555
  14. Fedullo PF , Tapson VF . The evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism . N Engl J Med . 2003;349:1247–1256
  15. van Strijen MJL , de Monye W , Schiereck J , et al.   Single-detector helical computed tomography as the primary diagnostic test in suspected pulmonary embolism (a multicenter clinical management study of 510 patients) . Ann Intern Med . 2003;138:307–314
  16. Abcarian PW , Sweet JD , Watabe JT . Role of a quantitative D-dimer assay in determining the need for CT angiography of acute pulmonary embolism . AJR . 2004;182:1377–1381
  17. Wells PS , Anderson DR , Rodger M , et al.   Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging (management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department by using a simple clinical model and D-dimer) . Ann Intern Med . 2001;135:98–107
  18. Cronan JJ . Venous thromboembolic disease (the role of ultrasound) . Radiology . 1993;186:619–630
  19. Stein PD , Hull RD , Pineo G . Strategy that includes serial noninvasive leg tests for diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism based on data from PIOPED . Arch Intern Med . 1995;155:2101–2104
  20. Wells PS , Ginsberg JS , Anderson DR , et al.   Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism . Ann Intern Med . 1998;129:997–1005
  21. Goodman LR , Lipchik RJ , Kuzo RS . Subsequent pulmonary embolism (risk after a negative helical CT pulmonary angiogram-prospective comparison with scintigraphy) . Radiology . 2000;215:535–542
  22. Swenson SJ , Sheedy PF , Ryu JH , et al.   Outcomes after withholding anticoagulation from patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism and negative computed tomographic findings (a cohort study) . Mayo Clin Proc . 2002;77:130–138
  23. Bouriott K , Couffinhal T , Bernard V , et al.   Clinical outcome after a negative spiral CT pulmonary angiographic finding in an inpatient population from cardiology and pneumology wards . Chest . 2003;123:359–365
  24. Barnes RW , Kinkead LR , Wu KK , et al.   Venous thrombosis in suspected pulmonary embolism (incidence detectable by Doppler ultrasound) . Thromb Haemost . 1976;36:150–156
  25. Smith LL , Iber CI , Sirr S . Pulmonary embolism (confirmation with venous duplex US as adjunct to lung scanning) . Radiology . 1994;191:143–147
  26. Zerhouni EA , Barth KH , Siegelman SS . Demonstration of venous thrombosis by computed tomography . Am J Roentgenol . 1980;134:753–758
  27. Stehling MK , Rosen MP , Weintraub J , et al.   Spiral CT venography of the lower extremity . Am J Roentgenol . 1994;163:451–453
  28. Baldt MM , Zontsich T , Kainberger F , et al.   Spiral CT evaluation of deep venous thrombosis . Semin Ultrasound CT MR . 1997;18:369–375
  29. Loud PA , Grossman ZD , Klippenstein DL , et al.   Combined CT venography and pulmonary angiography (a new diagnostic technique for suspected thromboembolic disease) . Am J Roentgenol . 1998;170:951–954
  30. Loud PA , Katz DS , Bruce DA , et al.   Deep venous thrombosis with suspected pulmonary embolism (detection with combined CT venography and pulmonary angiography) . Radiology . 2001;219:498–502
  31. Cham MD , Yankelevitz DF , Henschke CI . Indirect CT venography (consistent detection of DVT in suspected pulmonary embolism) . Radiology . 2002;225(P):151
  32. Ghaye B , Szapiro D , Willems V , et al.   Combined CT venography of the lower limbs and spiral CT angiography of pulmonary arteries in acute pulmonary embolism (preliminary results of a prospective study) . JBR-BTR . 2000;83:271–278
  33. Garg K , Kemp JL , Wojcik D , et al.   Thromboembolic disease (comparison of combined CT pulmonary angiography and venography with bilateral leg sonography in 70 patients) . Am J Roentgenol . 2000;175:997–1001
  34. Begemann PG , Bonacker M , Kemper J , et al.   Evaluation of the deep venous system in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism with multi-detector CT (a prospective study in comparison to Doppler sonography) . J Comput Assist Tomogr . 2003;27:399–409
  35. Richman PB , Wood J , Kasper DM , et al.   Contribution of indirect computed tomography venography to computed tomography angiography of the chest for the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in two United Stated emergency departments . J Thromb Haemost . 2003;1:652–657
  36. Schoepf UJ , Holzknecht N , Helmberger TK , et al.   Subsegmental pulmonary emboli (improved detection with thin-collimation multi-detector row spiral CT) . Radiology . 2002;222:483–490
  37. Loud PA , Katz DS , Klippenstein DL , et al.   Combined CT venography and pulmonary angiography (diagnostic accuracy for deep venous evaluation) . Am J Roentgenol . 2000;174:61–65
  38. Cham MD , Yankelevitz DF , Shaham D , et al.   Deep venous thrombosis (detection by using indirect CT venography) . Radiology . 2000;216:744–751

PII: S0037-198X(04)00106-3

doi: 10.1053/j.ro.2004.09.005

Seminars in Roentgenology
Volume 40, Issue 1 , Pages 33-40 , January 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution